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Function Types


Three polarities: attitude, judgement, and perception. Within each of these categories are two sides/parts of the personality that cannot be used at the same time. While perceiving functions are irrational, judging functions are considered rational. Hillman's summary of Jung's definition of a function:

"...a relatively unified, relatively consistant and habitual pattern of performance which enjoys itself in its activity, a pattern that likes to be exercised."
Perceiving

First pair of opposites discussed are perceiving functions: Sensing and iNtuiting. They are both used to gather information. They're a "portal" to the internal and external worlds. Gathering information "and bringing it into our consciousness."
Sensing

"Sensing is the process of collecting various forms of energy and converting, or translating, them into neural activity. Perceiving is the process of converting this neural activity into a form that can be recognized." Sensing collects data directly through the senses from the internal/external world. It collects more raw and less biased information. Sensors have a type of memory called experiential memory or "common sense." This memory includes sensory information gathered, "practical knowledge" that goes with it, and our "memories of our subjective responses to those experiences." There is some evidence that Sensing is affected by Thinking/Feeling functions before we are consciously aware of the processed information. So it may be more biased than I previously thought. As a dominant function, Sensing collects facts, experiences, and memories of these things. 

Sensors often prefer reality over fantasy and are more concrete when they speak. It may steer the user away from the bigger picture and is very practical when problem solving. 
iNtuiting

The other opposite is iNtuiting, which creates insights and shows relationships and possibilities from both internal and external data. Myers describes iNtuiting as, "...indirect perception by the way of the unconscious." "iNtuiting involves the emergence from the unconscious of symbolic images, ideas, and abstract experiences from an object that is not immediately present." Images, relationships, and concepts are stored in the symbolic memory. Retrieval of this memory can be instant, or take a while and result in a sudden "aha!" moment. Meanings, possibilities, and relationships are the focus when iNtuiting is a dominant function. Those with iNtuiting as a dominant function can also be bad with details, and they prefer the imaginary over reality. Very abstract and visionary. They might enjoy dealing with the complex and find creative solutions to theoretical problems. But they are also often impatient and likely to be unable to think in a practical or concrete way. 
cathugger: Muichiro Tokito from Demon Slayer smiling. (Default)
Jung's Function-Attitudes Explained by Henry L. Thompson Ph.D.

Jung's beginning work revolved around focus of energy. "Was it on the object (the external world)... or was it on the subject (the internal world)...?" The focus of energy is called the "attitude-Type" of a person. Jung thought it was biological and even exists in babies.
 
Extroversion




Those with a extroverted preference focus on the outer world/"object." Extroverts are "externally focused and driven." Little energy is left over for internal focus. They're often (not always??) energized by spending time around others and get bored or drained when they spend time alone. They tend to think out loud and discuss thoughts with others. Extroverts also tend to be verbally fluent. "What you see is what you get."
 
 
 

"Now, when orientation by the object predominates in such a way that decisions and actions are determined not by subjective views but by objective conditions, we speak of an extroverted attitude. When this is habitual, we speak of an extroverted type. If a man thinks, feels, acts and actually lives in a way that is directly correlated with the objective conditions and their commands, he is extroverted." - Jung, 1976
 
 
 

Introversion

 
In Jung's typology, introverts focus their energy internally, mostly to thoughts and feelings, AKA to the the "subjective." The outer world has little importance/meaning and will drain introverts who are in it for long. "Introverts value their alone time" and often prefer to work alone. They are reserved and prefer extroverts to answer first. "Why-didn't-I-say-that syndrome." Take time to answer. Reflect on questions before answering. 

"Although the introverted consciousness is naturally aware of external conditions, it selects the subjective determinants as the decisive ones. It is therefore oriented by the factor in perception and cognition which responds to the sense stimulus in accordance with the individual's subjective disposition." - Jung, 1976
 
 

Attitude Compensation

 
While, for example, an extrovert will be consciously focused externally, they will also be unconsciously focused internally. "If this process becomes unbalanced, neuroses and physical symptoms may develop." People who are extroverted to an extreme will put too much control (or attempts to control) on the environment around them, including people in it. It's important for a person to have a balance between the two. We naturally go back and forth between extroversion and introversion, getting uncomfortable when in the wrong zone for too long.People can have different levels of introversion/extroversion.  
cathugger: Muichiro Tokito from Demon Slayer smiling. (Default)
Jung's Function-Attitudes Explained by Henry L. Thompson, Ph.D.

Myers and Briggs added the perceiving/judging model. As the last of the four letters in a type (P/J), judging/perceiving tells whether a judging (Thinking/Feeling) or perceiving (Sensing/iNtuition) function is extroverted in a given functional pair. A functional pair has one introverted and one extroverted function, and if the extroverted function is a perceiving function (Sensing/iNtuiting), the orientation is P/perceiving. If the extroverted function is a judging function (Thinking/Feeling), the orientation/last letter is J/judging. Quote from the book:

"The assignment of the orientation identifier (J or P) is determined by the function with the extroverted attitude in the functional pair."
 

Example table from the book:

Table 3
Attitude of dominant functionPerceiving functionJudging functionIdentifier of extroverted function
ENFP
ISTJ

cathugger: Muichiro Tokito from Demon Slayer smiling. (Default)
Jung's Function-Attitudes Explained by Henry L. Thompson Ph.D. 

I decided that I'm going to put some of my notes for this book here. I'll use specific tags to separate it from other posts. 

Jung's personality typing system works off of opposites. There are both attitudes and functions, attitudes being introversion and extroversion, and functions being Sensing, iNtuiting, Feeling, and Thinking. Introversion (brings data to inner world) and extroversion (brings inner world to outer world?) are opposites. Out of the functions, Sensing and iNtuiting are opposites when it comes to perceiving, and Feeling and Thinking are opposites when it comes to judging

Overall, attitude and function are combined
Attitudes: Introversion and extroversion 
Functions: Sensing iNtuiting, Feeling, and Thinking
Example of combination: Introverted Feeling type

Each function has a different amount of habitual use, differentiating it from/over the other functions for that person. This determines a person's main type. For example if your Thinking function is the most habitually used, you are a Thinking type. Jung advanced his system by recognizing a secondary type/"second most differentiated function." Together, these functions create a functional pair. Functional pairs are always a combination of an introverted and extroverted function, and Jung says that they're always a perceiving/judging pair. Sensing/iNtuiting and Thinking/Feeling can't combine into functional pairs because they're opposites. 

Once the dominant/primary function is decided, so is the inferior function. The inferior function is the opposite of the primary function, and the two functions can't be used at the same time. Unlike the primary function, the inferior function is underdeveloped. When someone heavily relies on their inferior function, they have temporarily entered what is known as a "grip." Other than the three functions mentioned, there is also the tertiary function, which is the opposite of the secondary function and cannot be used at the same time. 

With this system, Jung technically described eight different types, though it seems like he mentioned more than eight types in his works. Myers and Briggs expanded them to sixteen types. 

Gifts Differing
is an important book by Isabel Briggs Myers about that version of typology. 

I think I already knew most of this, but it's a good refresher. 

January 2021

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